Re: Griechenland

Geschrieben von mica am 01. Mai 2002 15:05:02:

Als Antwort auf: Re: Griechenland geschrieben von Johannes am 01. Mai 2002 13:40:18:

Hallo Johannes,

habe mich über den Coxackie-Virus kundig gemacht, er verursacht die sog. Hand-Fuß- und Mundkrankheit(hand- foot and mouth-desease; nicht zu verwechseln mit foot&mouth-desease);
Malaysia,1997 und Taiwan,1998 werden als letzte epidemische Herde genannt, der Artikel stammt allerdings aus 2000, wer weiß was inzwischen gelaufen ist?

Der Artikel aus der Netzeitung ja bezieht sich auf Malaysia, doch gibt es in den Berichten aus Griechenland keine Hinweise, dass HFMD hier ausgebrochen wäre.
Virus dürfte als Verursacher derselbe sein, das Krankheitsbild, u.a. mit Herzmuskelentzündung, ein anderes.
Oder doch nicht? Generell wird Coxackie als ein Virus beschrieben, der Muskelentzündung, Muskelschwund herbvorrufen kann, was mit Antibiotika schwer zu behandeln sein dürfte.
Aber ich bin nur Laie auf diesem Gebiet, vielleicht findet sich jemand, der das genauer aufdröselt..

Liebe Grüße
mica

National Center of Infectious Diseases
Respiratory and Enteric Viruses
Branch
Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch Home
About Enteroviruses
• Hand Foot and Mouth Disease

What is hand, foot, and mouth disease?

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common illness of infants and children. It is characterized by fever, sores in the mouth, and a rash with blisters. HFMD begins with a mild fever, poor appetite, malaise ("feeling sick"), and frequently a sore throat. One or 2 days after the fever begins, sores develop in the mouth. They begin as small red spots that blister and then often become ulcers. They are usually located on the tongue, gums, and inside of the cheeks. The skin rash develops over 1 to 2 days with flat or raised red spots, some with blisters. The rash does not itch, and it is usually located on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It may also appear on the buttocks. A person with HFMD may have only the rash or the mouth ulcers.


What causes HFMD?

Several different viruses cause HFMD. The most common cause is coxsackievirus A16; sometimes, enterovirus 71 or other strains of
enteroviruses cause HFMD. The enterovirus group includes polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses.

Is HFMD serious?

Usually not. HFMD caused by coxsackievirus A16 infection is a mild disease and nearly all patients recover without medical treatment in 7 to 10 days. There are no common complications. Rarely, this illness may be associated with "aseptic" or viral meningitis, in which the person has fever, headache, stiff neck, or back pain, and may need to be hospitalized for a few days. Another cause of HFMD, EV71 may also cause viral meningitis and, rarely, more serious diseases, such as encephalitis, or a poliomyelitis-like paralysis. EV71 encephalitis may be fatal. Cases of fatal encephalitis occurred during outbreaks of HFMD in Malaysia in 1997 and in Taiwan, 1998.

Is it contagious?

Yes, HFMD is moderately contagious. Infection is spread from person to person by direct contact with nose and throat discharges or the stool of infected persons. A person is most contagious during the first week of the illness. HFMD is not
transmitted to or from pets or other animals.

How soon will someone become ill after getting infected?

The usual period from infection to onset of symptoms is 3 to 7 days. Fever is often the first symptom of HFMD.

Who is at risk for HFMD?

HFMD occurs mainly in children under 10 years old, but adults may also be at risk. Everyone is susceptible to infection. Infection results in immunity to the specific virus, but a second episode may occur following infection with a different member of the enterovirus group.

When and where does HFMD occur?

Individual cases and outbreaks of HFMD occur worldwide, more frequently in summer and early autumn. In the recent past, major outbreaks of HFMD attributable to enterovirus 71 have been reported in some South East Asian countries (Malaysia in 1997, Taiwan, 1998).

How is HFMD diagnosed?

HFMD is one of many infections that result in mouth sores. Another common cause is oral herpesvirus infection, which produces an inflammation of the mouth and gums (sometimes called stomatitis). Usually, the physician can distinguish between HFMD and other causes of mouth sores based on the age of the patient, the pattern of symptoms reported by the patient or parent, and the appearance of the rash and sores on examination. A throat swab or stool specimen may be sent to a laboratory to determine which enterovirus caused the illness. Since the testing often takes 2 to 4 weeks to obtain a final answer, the physician usually does not order these tests.

How is HFMD treated? Can it be prevented?

No specific treatment is available for this or other enterovirus infections. Symptomatic treatment is given to provide relief from fever, aches, or pain from the mouth ulcers. Preventive measures include frequent handwashing, especially after diaper changes; disinfection of contaminated surfaces by household cleaners (such as diluted bleach solution made by mixing 1 capful of household bleach containing chlorine with 1 gallon water), and washing soiled articles of clothing. Children are often excluded from child care programs, schools, or other group settings during the first few days of the illness. These measures may reduce the spread of infection, but they will not completely interrupt it.






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